Olanzapine With or Without Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Phase III Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

• Diagnosis of malignant disease of any stage; (stage I through stage IV)

• No prior history of chemotherapy for any malignancy

• Scheduled to receive intravenous HEC (highly emetogenic chemotherapy) (either cisplatin-containing regimen or doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide \[AC\]); cisplatin, given on a single day, at a dose of \>= 70 mg/m\^2, with or without other chemotherapy agent(s) OR doxorubicin (60 mg/m\^2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m\^2)

• No nausea or vomiting =\< 24 hours prior to registration

• Negative pregnancy test (serum or urine) done =\< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only

• \* A female of childbearing potential is a sexually mature female who: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months)

• No known diagnosis of dementia; patients with stable treated brain metastases are eligible to participate

• No known history of central nervous system (CNS) disease (e.g. seizure disorder)

• No treatment with another antipsychotic agent such as olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, phenothiazine or butyrophenone =\< 30 days prior to registration

• No chronic phenothiazine administration as an antipsychotic agent (patients may receive prochlorperazine and other phenothiazines as rescue anti-emetic therapy but not within 24 hours prior to registration)

• No use of amifostine within 7 days prior to registration

• No radiotherapy within 7 days prior to registration or planned for one week after the current dose of chemotherapy

• No use of quinolone antibiotic therapy within 7 days prior to registration

• No chronic alcoholism (as determined by the investigator)

• No known hypersensitivity to olanzapine

• No known uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, no known uncontrolled congestive heart failure, or no acute myocardial infarction within the previous six months

• No history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, i.e., no diabetic ketoacidosis; within 6 months prior to registration; patients are eligible if they have controlled diabetes on diet, oral agents, and/or insulin

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1 or 2

• Patients must be able to read and comprehend English; local translation, including verbal translation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is not permitted

• Serum creatinine =\< 2.0 mg/dL =\< 120 days prior to registration

• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) =\< 120 days prior to registration