A Phase I/II Study of Ruxolitinib With Front-Line Neoadjuvant and Post-Surgical Therapy in Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

• Patients must have clinically and radiographically suspected and previously untreated International Federation of Gynecologic and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III or IV epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer, high grade, for whom the plan of management will include neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with interval tumor reductive surgery (TRS) who have undergone biopsies for histologic confirmation

• Institutional confirmation of Mullerian epithelial adenocarcinoma on core biopsy (not cytology or fine needle aspiration) or laparoscopic biopsy; (for phase II of the study formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded \[FFPE\] tissue should be available for laboratory analysis); patients with the following histologic epithelial cell types are eligible: high grade serous carcinoma, high grade endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, or a combination of these

• All patients must have measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1; measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded); each lesion must be \>= 10 mm when measured by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or caliper measurement by clinical exam; or \>= 20 mm when measured by chest x-ray; lymph nodes must be \>= 15 mm in short axis when measured by CT or MRI

• Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:

‣ History/physical examination within 28 days prior to registration

⁃ Radiographic imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis within 28 days prior to registration documenting disease consistent with FIGO stage III or IV disease

⁃ Further protocol-specific assessments

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/Karnofsky performance status of 0, 1, or 2 within 28 days prior to registration

• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1,500/mcl; this ANC cannot have been induced by granulocyte colony stimulating factors (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/mcl (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Hemoglobin greater than 9.0 mg/dl (transfusions are permitted to achieve baseline hemoglobin level) (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) \>= 50 mL/min according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3 x ULN (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Alkaline phosphatase =\< 2.5 x ULN (within 14 days prior to registration)

• Neurologic function: neuropathy (sensory and motor) less than or equal to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1

• Ability to swallow and retain oral medication

• The patient must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry

• BRCA testing results (i.e., comprehensive BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequencing, including assessment of gene rearrangements) must be submitted for all patients enrolled to Amendment 7 and subsequent amendments; BRCA testing results are optional for all patients enrolled prior to Amendment 7; due to the long acceptance of germline BRCA testing through Myriad, Myriad testing reports will be accepted without additional documentation; if testing for germline BRCA is done by other organizations, in addition to the testing report, documentation from a qualified medical professional (e.g., ovarian cancer specialty physician involved in the field, high risk genetics physician, genetics counselor) detailing the laboratory results is required; please retain a copy of all reports (positive, variants of unknown significance \[VUS\], or negative)