Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM) Overview
Learn About Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM)
View Main Condition: Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to a set of changes in how the heart muscle functions. These changes cause the heart to fill poorly (more common) or squeeze poorly (less common). Sometimes, both problems are present.
Cardiomyopathy - restrictive; Infiltrative cardiomyopathy; Idiopathic myocardial fibrosis
In a case of restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is of normal size or slightly enlarged. Most of the time, it also pumps normally. However, it does not relax normally during the time between heartbeats when the blood returns from the body (diastole).
Although the main problem is abnormal filling of the heart, the heart may not pump blood strongly when the disease progresses. The abnormal heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems. Restrictive cardiomyopathy may affect either or both of the lower heart chambers (ventricles). Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare condition. The most common causes are amyloidosis and scarring of the heart from an unknown cause. It also can occur after a heart transplant.
Other causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy include:
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Carcinoid heart disease
- Diseases of the heart lining (endocardium), such as endomyocardial fibrosis and Loeffler syndrome (rare)
- Iron overload (hemochromatosis)
- Sarcoidosis
- Scarring after radiation or chemotherapy
- Scleroderma
- Tumors of the heart
Symptoms of heart failure are most common. These symptoms often develop slowly over time. However, symptoms sometimes start very suddenly and are severe.
Common symptoms are:
- Cough
- Breathing problems that occur at night, with activity or when lying flat
- Fatigue and inability to exercise
- Loss of appetite
- Swelling of the abdomen
- Swelling of the feet and ankles
- Uneven or rapid pulse
Other symptoms may include:
- Chest pain
- Inability to concentrate
- Low urine output
- Need to urinate at night (in adults)
The condition causing the cardiomyopathy is treated when it can be found.
Few treatments are known to work well for restrictive cardiomyopathy. The main goal of treatment is to control symptoms and improve quality of life.
The following treatments may be used to control symptoms or prevent problems:
- Blood thinning medicines
- Chemotherapy (in some situations)
- Diuretics to remove fluid and help improve breathing
- Medicines to prevent or control abnormal heart rhythms
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Medicines such as tafamidis that target abnormal proteins (amyloid fibrils)
- Liver transplantation
Additional treatments are also under investigation.
A heart transplant may be considered if the heart function is very poor and symptoms are severe.
John D. Archbold Memorial Hospital, Inc.
James Karas is a Cardiologist in Thomasville, Georgia. Dr. Karas and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). His top areas of expertise are Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Dr. Karas is currently accepting new patients.
William Ellis is a Cardiologist in Thomasville, Georgia. Dr. Ellis and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). His top areas of expertise are Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, and Cardiomyopathy. Dr. Ellis is currently accepting new patients.
John D. Archbold Memorial Hospital, Inc.
Robert Miles is a Cardiologist in Thomasville, Georgia. Dr. Miles has been practicing medicine for over 26 years and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). His top areas of expertise are Mitral Stenosis, Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Dr. Miles is currently accepting new patients.
People with this condition often develop heart failure that gets worse. Problems with heart rhythm or "leaky" heart valves may also occur.
People with restrictive cardiomyopathy may be heart transplant candidates. The outlook depends on the cause of the condition, but it is usually poor. Survival after diagnosis may exceed 10 years.
Contact your health care provider if you have symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Summary: Cardiac amyloidosis is a restrictive cardiomyopathy with a potentially severe prognosis that can be life-threatening. It is linked in the vast majority of cases to a light chain deposition of immunoglobulin or transthyretin. Although myocardial involvement is predominant, other locations are possible: the atrioventricular conduction system, coronary arteries and valve leaflets. In systematic histo...
Summary: Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by absence of obstructive disease of the epicardial coronary vessels and distinct structural and functional changes of the myocardium. The main identified forms include dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy ...
Published Date: May 27, 2024
Published By: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Elliott PM, Olivotto I. Diseases of the myocardium and endocardium. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 47.
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heartfailure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):1757-1780. PMID: 35379504 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35379504/.
Hershberger RE. The dilated, restrictive, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 52.