Last Updated: March 26, 2024

Published By: MediFind Medical Staff

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What causes an enlarged ovary?

Ovaries can be different sizes for different people and change size during the monthly cycle. Sometimes having larger ovaries is OK and doesn’t cause harm. But in some cases, they can be a symptom of a serious issue that needs treatment. MediFind shares some conditions often linked to larger ovaries below. To learn more about how MediFind works, you can go here. You can also put in your symptoms on MediFind’s Symptom Checker here for customized results.

Ovulation

Ovulation is a natural process where the body releases a mature egg from the ovary. The ovaries may temporarily swell before or during this event. This is normal. The swelling is a natural part of the ovulation process and usually stops once the egg is released. There may be some pain during ovulation referred to as Mittelschmerz. No treatment is needed because this is a natural and expected occurrence in the body. However, your provider may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers if the pain is intense. Find a gynecologist nearby here.

Ovarian Cysts

An ovarian cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac on or inside an ovary. The cysts form during monthly menstrual cycles between puberty and menopause. Ovarian cysts usually don’t cause problems. But they might make you feel bloated, belly pain, discomfort, or pelvic pain. Usually, these cysts go away on their own within 2-3 months. Your doctor might suggest treatments, such as using birth control pills, to lower the risk of getting new cysts. Ovarian cysts can be treated by a gynecologist. Find one nearby here. 

Ovarian Torsion 

Ovarian torsion is when an ovary twists around the ligaments that hold it in place. This twisting can cut off blood flow to the ovary and fallopian tube. This leads to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abnormal bleeding, and severe pelvic pain. A doctor may perform an ultrasound or other imaging tests to diagnose ovarian torsion. Surgery is the only way to untwist an ovary. A doctor may prescribe medications to reduce pain and nausea after the surgery. A gynecologist can help you figure out the next steps. Find one nearby here.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that happens when women have higher levels of male hormones called androgens. This can lead to irregular periods and make it harder to get pregnant. Other symptoms include skin issues, like acne and extra hair growth. PCOS can create small cysts on the ovaries, making the ovaries larger. Your provider may prescribe treatment, such as birth control pills to make your periods more regular. These pills may also help reduce abnormal hair growth and acne if you take them for several months. Gynecologists provide care for PCOS. Find one nearby here.

Ovarian Fibroma 

An ovarian fibroma is a benign tumor of the ovary. Benign means it is not cancer. The most common symptom of ovarian fibroma is pelvic pain. Less common symptoms include menstrual irregularities or post-menopausal bleeding, a swollen abdomen, and pain during or after sex. A doctor will need to perform an ultrasound to diagnose ovarian fibroma. If the tumor is small and no symptoms are present, they may recommend doing nothing. Larger tumors, or tumors that continue to grow or cause ovarian torsion, may require surgery. Ovarian fibroma can be treated by a gynecologist. Find one nearby here.

Other possible causes may include:  

  • Endometriosis  
  • Sex Cord Stromal Tumors of the Ovary 
  • Gestational Trophoblastic Disease  
  • Residual Ovary Syndrome  
  • Tubo-Ovarian Abscess 
  • Fallopian Tube Carcinoma 
  • Ovarian Cancer   

Understanding the Results

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Differences in Age Groups

Enlarged ovaries are more common during the reproductive age (teens to 40s). 

Differences among Men and Women

Enlarged ovaries can be a symptom of different medical conditions, but only for individuals assigned female at birth.