Anemia Overview
Learn About Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.
Different types of anemia include:
- Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
- Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
- Anemia due to iron deficiency
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Hemolytic anemia
- Idiopathic aplastic anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia.
Although many parts of the body help make red blood cells, most of the work is done in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form all blood cells.
Healthy red blood cells last between 90 and 120 days. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells. A hormone called erythropoietin (EPO) made in your kidneys signals your bone marrow to make more red blood cells.
Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. It gives red blood cells their color. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin.
The body needs certain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to make enough red blood cells. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are three of the most important ones. The body may not have enough of these nutrients due to:
- Changes in the lining of the stomach or intestines that affect how well nutrients are absorbed (for example, celiac disease)
- Poor diet
- Surgery that removes part of the stomach or intestines
Possible causes of anemia include:
- Iron deficiency
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Folate deficiency
- Certain medicines
- Destruction of red blood cells earlier than normal (which may be caused by immune system problems)
- Long-term (chronic) diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis
- Some forms of anemia, such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, which can be inherited
- Pregnancy
- Problems with bone marrow such as lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multiple myeloma, or aplastic anemia
- Slow blood loss (for example, from heavy menstrual periods or stomach ulcers)
- Sudden heavy blood loss
Common conditions include: Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Childhood Iron Deficiency Anemia, Congenital Aplastic Anemia
You may have no symptoms if the anemia is mild or if the problem develops slowly. Symptoms that may occur first include:
- Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise
- Headaches
- Problems concentrating or thinking
- Irritability
- Loss of appetite
- Numbness and tingling of hands and feet
If the anemia gets worse, symptoms may include:
- Blue color to the whites of the eyes
- Brittle nails
- Desire to eat ice or other non-food things (pica syndrome)
- Lightheadedness when you stand up
- Pale skin color
- Shortness of breath with mild activity or even at rest
- Sore or inflamed tongue
- Mouth ulcers
- Abnormal or increased menstrual bleeding
Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia, and may include:
- Blood transfusions
- Corticosteroids or other medicines that suppress the immune system
- Erythropoietin, a medicine that helps your bone marrow make more blood cells
- Supplements of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or other vitamins and minerals
Piedmont Family Practice LLC
Joseph Garand is a Geriatrics specialist and a Family Medicine provider in Piedmont, South Carolina. Dr. Garand and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Anemia. His top areas of expertise are Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, and Familial Hypertension.
Prisma Health University Medical Group
Jay Walls is a Hematologist Oncology specialist and an Oncologist in Greenville, South Carolina. Dr. Walls and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Anemia. His top areas of expertise are Essential Thrombocythemia, Childhood Iron Deficiency Anemia, Sickle Cell Disease, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Bone Marrow Aspiration. Dr. Walls is currently accepting new patients.
Prisma Health University Medical Group
Carla Jorgensen is a Hematologist Oncology specialist and a Hematologist in Greenville, South Carolina. Dr. Jorgensen and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Anemia. Her top areas of expertise are Lung Cancer, Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, Paget Disease of the Breast, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), and Thyroidectomy. Dr. Jorgensen is currently accepting new patients.
Severe anemia can cause low oxygen levels in vital organs such as the heart, and can lead to heart failure.
Contact your provider if you have any symptoms of anemia or unusual bleeding.
Summary: This study seeks to determine whether a patient navigator can help improve follow up care after a stool test shows the presence of blood or other abnormal markers.
Summary: The goal of this randomized effectiveness study is to evaluate the different targeting strategies for the delivery of balanced energy and protein (BEP) supplements among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The main goals of the study are to: 1) determine the effectiveness of two individual-based antenatal BEP targeting strategies for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes; 2) compare the cost-...
Published Date: March 31, 2024
Published By: Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. Editorial update 12-17-2024.
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Lin JC, Benz Jr. EJ. Approach to anemia in the adult and child. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 35.
Means Jr. RT. Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 144.