Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography to Assess Cortical Activation During Motor Tasks in Infants and Toddlers With or at High-risk for Cerebral Palsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Infants and Toddlers With Typical Development
Background: New ways to study the brain as people move include near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). NIRS uses laser light shone through the scalp to look at blood flow in the brain which increases with movement. EEG records electrical activity in the brain. Little is known about brain activity while children learn new motor skills. Researchers want to learn more about how small children with and without cerebral palsy use their brain to control their body. This may help them find new ways to help children move better.
Objectives: To learn more about how infants and young children with and without cerebral palsy use their brain to move their arms and legs.
Eligibility: Children ages 3 months - 5 years with and without cerebral palsy
Design: Participants will be screened with: * Physical exam * Questions for the parents about the child s health Participants will have at least 1 study session. Some may have up to 34 (all optional). In the sessions, participants will do motor tasks along with some or all of the following: * Light sensors placed on the scalp, held there with a cap or Velcro straps. * Small metal disks placed on the scalp with a cap or straps, with gel between them. * Motion capture recording. Balls attached to the arms and legs by stickers, straps, or a garment are tracked by infrared and video cameras. Motor tasks include reaching, clapping, kicking, and standing. Participants may be placed in a toy or device that uses a motor to move their limbs. Participants head size, hair, and skin will be assessed. Parents will answer questions about their child s typical movements. ...
• All subjects must be between age 3 months up to 5 years of age.
• A healthy volunteer, or
• A child with or at high risk for CP or ASD:
‣ An infant/child with an established diagnosis of CP, or
⁃ An infant less than 18 months who has been identified by a physician as being at high risk for having CP, or
⁃ An infant/child with an established diagnosis of ASD or
⁃ A child less than 3 years of age who has been deemed at high-risk for ASD or developmental delays by a physician, early intervention specialist (enrolled in early intervention services), or other qualified health professional, or
⁃ A younger sibling to a child diagnosed with ASD or