Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Overview
Learn About Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
A CSF leak is an escape of the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This fluid is called the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Intracranial hypotension; Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Any tear or hole in the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (dura) can allow the fluid that surrounds those organs to leak. When it leaks out, the pressure around the brain and spinal cord drops.
Causes of leakage through the dura include:
- Certain head, brain, or spinal surgeries
- Head or spine injury
- Placement of tubes for epidural anesthesia or pain medicines
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
Sometimes, no cause can be found. This is called a spontaneous CSF leak.
Symptoms may include:
- A headache that is worse when you sit up and improves when you lie down. It may be associated with light sensitivity, nausea, and neck stiffness.
- Drainage of CSF from the ear (rarely).
- Drainage of CSF from the nose (rarely).
Depending on the cause of the leak, many symptoms improve on their own after a few days. Complete bed rest for several days is usually recommended. Drinking more fluids, especially drinks with caffeine, can help slow or stop the leak and may help with headache pain.
Your headache may be treated with pain relievers and fluids. If your headache lasts longer than a week after a lumbar puncture, a procedure may be done to block the hole that may be leaking fluid. This is called a blood patch, because a blood clot can be used to seal the leak. In most cases, this makes symptoms go away. In rare cases, surgery is needed to repair the tear in the dura and stop your headache.
If symptoms of infection (fever, chills, change in mental status) are present, treatment with antibiotics will likely be needed.
University Of Wisconsin Medical Foundation Inc
Joseph Roche is an Otolaryngologist in Marshfield, Wisconsin. Dr. Roche and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. His top areas of expertise are Schwannoma, Infant Hearing Loss, DFNB1, and Acoustic Neuroma. Dr. Roche is currently accepting new patients.
Mchs Hospitals Inc
Joshua Smith is an Otolaryngologist in Marshfield, Wisconsin. Dr. Smith and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. His top areas of expertise are Infant Hearing Loss, Cholesteatoma, Mastoiditis, and Ruptured Eardrum. Dr. Smith is currently accepting new patients.
Christopher Mackay is a Neurosurgery provider in Wausau, Wisconsin. Dr. Mackay and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. His top areas of expertise are Subdural Hematoma, Invertebral Disc Disease, Delirium, Microdiscectomy, and Cervical Disc Surgery. Dr. Mackay is currently accepting new patients.
The outlook is usually good depending on the cause. Most cases heal by themselves with no lasting symptoms.
If the CSF leak keeps coming back, high pressure of the CSF (hydrocephalus) might be the cause and should be treated.
Complications may occur if the cause is surgery or trauma. Infections after surgery or trauma can lead to meningitis and serious complications, such as swelling of the brain, and need to be treated right away.
Contact your provider if:
- You have a headache that gets worse when you sit up, especially if you have recently had a head injury, surgery, or childbirth involving epidural anesthesia.
- You have a moderate head injury, and then develop a headache that is worse when you sit up, or you have a thin, clear fluid draining from your nose or ear.
Most CSF leaks are a complication of a spinal tap or surgery. The provider should use the smallest needle possible when doing a spinal tap.
Objective: The aim of the registry is to collect structured information on the frequency, cause, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options and long-term outcome. With the help of the registry, we would like to contribute to a better understanding and treatment of the diseases.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate and compare the effectiveness and safety of using fascia lata and temporal muscle fascia in the reconstruction of the skull base in the sellar region. Specifically, the study aims to determine and compare the level of donor site pain between the two groups using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). The study also aims to identify the optimal method an...
Published Date: June 13, 2024
Published By: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Maslak JP, Casper DS, Pelle D. Neurologic complications of common spine operations. In: Steinmetz MP, Benzel EC, eds. Benzel's Spine Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 91.
Rosenberg GA. Brain edema and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 88.