Factor 10 Deficiency Overview
Learn About Factor 10 Deficiency
Factor X (ten) deficiency is a disorder caused by a lack of a protein called factor X in the blood. It leads to problems with blood clotting (coagulation).
Stuart-Prower deficiency
When you bleed, a series of reactions take place in the body that helps blood clots form. This process is called the coagulation cascade. It involves special proteins called coagulation, or clotting, factors. You may have a higher chance of excess bleeding if one or more of these factors are missing or are not functioning like they should.
Factor X is one such coagulation factor. Factor X deficiency is often caused by an inherited defect in the factor X gene. This is called inherited factor X deficiency. Bleeding ranges from mild to severe depending on how severe the deficiency is.
Factor X deficiency can also be due to another condition or use of certain medicines. This is called acquired factor X deficiency. Acquired factor X deficiency is common. It can be caused by:
- Lack of vitamin K (some newborns are born with vitamin K deficiency)
- Buildup of abnormal proteins in the tissues and organs (amyloidosis)
- Severe liver disease
- Use of medicines that prevent clotting (anticoagulants such as warfarin)
Women with factor X deficiency may first be diagnosed when they have very heavy menstrual bleeding and bleeding after childbirth. The condition may be first noticed in newborn boys if they have bleeding that lasts longer than normal after circumcision.
Symptoms may include any of the following:
- Bleeding into the joints
- Bleeding into the muscles
- Bruising easily
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Mucus membrane bleeding
- Nosebleeds that do not stop easily
- Umbilical cord bleeding after birth
Bleeding can be controlled by getting intravenous (IV) infusions of plasma or concentrates of clotting factors. If you lack vitamin K, your doctor will prescribe vitamin K for you to take by mouth, through injections under the skin, or through a vein (intravenously).
If you have this bleeding disorder, be sure to:
- Tell your health care providers before you have any kind of procedure, including surgery and dental work.
- Tell your family members because they may have the same disorder but do not know it yet.
Shivani Sharma is an Internal Medicine provider in South Plainfield, New Jersey. Dr. Sharma and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Factor 10 Deficiency. Her top areas of expertise are Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sitosterolemia, High Cholesterol, Hypothyroidism, and Hip Replacement.
James R Hoppe Md, LLC
James Hoppe is a Family Medicine provider in South Plainfield, New Jersey. Dr. Hoppe and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Factor 10 Deficiency. His top areas of expertise are High Molecular Weight Kininogen Deficiency, Factor 13 Deficiency, Familial Hypofibrinogenemia, and Factor 7 Deficiency. Dr. Hoppe is currently accepting new patients.
Rutgers Health-Rwj Scleroderma Program
Amanda Kaveney is a Hematologist Oncology specialist and a Hematologist in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Dr. Kaveney has been practicing medicine for over 16 years and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Factor 10 Deficiency. Her top areas of expertise are Shwartzman Phenomenon, Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, Gray Platelet Syndrome, and Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency.
More information and support for people with factor X deficiency and their families can be found at:
- National Hemophilia Foundation -- www.hemophilia.org/community-resources
- National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/factor-x-deficiency/
The outcome is good if the condition is mild or you get treatment.
Inherited factor X deficiency is a lifelong condition.
The outlook for acquired factor X deficiency depends on the cause. If it is caused by liver disease, the outcome depends on how well your liver disease can be treated. Taking vitamin K supplements will treat vitamin K deficiency. If the disorder is caused by amyloidosis, there are several treatment options. Your provider can tell you more.
Severe bleeding or sudden loss of blood (hemorrhage) can occur. The joints may get deformed in severe disease from many bleeds.
Get emergency medical help if you have an unexplained or severe loss of blood.
There is no known prevention for inherited factor X deficiency. When a lack of vitamin K is the cause, using vitamin K supplements can help.
Published Date: February 02, 2023
Published By: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Monsey, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Gailani D, Benjamin TF, Wheeler AP. Rare coagulation factor deficiencies. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop HE, Weitz JI, Salama ME, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 135.
Hall JE, Hall ME. Hemostasis and blood coagulation. In: Hall JE, Hall ME, eds. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 37.
Ragni MV. Hemorrhagic disorders: coagulation factor deficiencies. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 165.