Pinworms are small worms that infect the intestines.

Enterobiasis; Oxyuriasis; Threadworm; Seatworm; Enterobius vermicularis; E vermicularis; Helminthic infection

Pinworms are the most common worm infection in the United States. School-age children are most often affected.

Pinworm eggs are spread directly from person to person. They can also be spread by touching bedding, food, or other items that are contaminated with the eggs.

Typically, children are infected by touching pinworm eggs without knowing it and then putting their fingers in their mouth. They swallow the eggs, which eventually hatch in the small intestine. The worms mature in the colon.

Female worms then move to the child's anal area, especially at night, and deposit more eggs. This may cause intense itching. The area may even become infected. When the child scratches the anal area, the eggs can get under the child's fingernails. These eggs can be transferred to other children, family members, and items in the house.

Symptoms of pinworm infection include:

• Difficulty sleeping due to the itching that occurs during the night
• Intense itching around the anus
• Irritability due to itching and interrupted sleep
• Irritated or infected skin around the anus, from constant scratching
• Irritation or discomfort of the vagina in young girls (if an adult worm enters the vagina rather than the anus)
• Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)

Anti-worm medicines are used to kill the pinworms (not their eggs). Your provider will likely recommend one dose of medicine that is available over-the-counter and by prescription.

More than one household member is likely to be infected, so the entire household is often treated. Another dose is usually repeated after 2 weeks. This treats worms that hatched since the first treatment.

To control the eggs:

• Clean toilet seats daily
• Keep fingernails short and clean
• Wash all bed linens twice a week
• Wash hands before meals and after using the toilet

Avoid scratching the infected area around the anus. This can contaminate your fingers and everything else that you touch.

Keep your hands and fingers away from your nose and mouth unless they are freshly washed. Be extra careful while family members are being treated for pinworms.

Pinworm infection is fully treatable with anti-worm medicine.

Contact your provider for an appointment if:

• You or your child has symptoms of pinworm infection
• You have seen pinworms on your child

Wash hands after using the bathroom and before preparing food. Wash bedding and underclothing frequently, particularly those of any affected family members.

Published Date: October 09, 2024
Published By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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